Born 1943, in Tashkent/Usbekistan, USSR. Study of physics at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (1960-1966), doctorate (1968) and habilitation (1973) in astrophysics Moscow Univ. (1968), scientific collaborator of the Institute for Applied Mathematics at the Soviet Academy of Sciences (1968-1973), head of the Laboratory for Theoretical Astrophysics (1973-1982), Professor at the Institute of Physics and Technology in Moscow (since 2001), head of the High-Energy Astrophysics Dept. of the Institute for Space Research in Moscow (since 2002), Chief Scientist of IKI (since 1992) emertius Director and Scientific Member at the Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics.