Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition

The year 2024 saw Max Planck scientists publishing exceptional research across disciplines. We have selected twelve highlights to share

Emission reductions from climate mitigation projects are significantly lower than claimed, a new meta-study shows.

An interview on the EU's planned Digital Markets Act with competition law specialist Heiko Richter

Coronavirus vaccines are in short supply. India and South Africa have called for a relaxation of patent protection rules. Their proposal to temporarily suspend intellectual property (IP) rules related to Covid-19 vaccines and treatments is currently being discussed at the World Trade Organization. But is this proposal the right approach? In an interview, Reto Hilty, Director at the Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition, explains why he thinks laying hands on patent protection is dangerous.

Dietmar Harhoff is Director at the Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition where he heads the Department of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Research. As Chairman of the Commission of Experts for Research and Innovation (EFI), he also advises the German government on innovation issues. In the run-up to the CeBIT, taking place in Hanover from 14 to 18 March, we spoke with him about how future-proof German industry is in the digital age, the role of start-ups, and the latest buzzword, “Industry 4.0”.

Vaccines, medicines, food, fashion: different industries are keen to make use of genetic resources and the cultural heritage of Indigenous peoples. But who owns such assets, who can make use of them, and at what price? Despite the agreements in place and a UN conference in Cali, all this remains unclear. Giving an overview of the regulatory landscape legal expert Pedro Henrique D. Batista knows which approaches are needed today.

Digitization is transforming the economy, society, and every individual’s life. With it, the need is growing for clear legal framework conditions. These should leave sufficient freedom for the data economy, while preventing too much market power from being concentrated in a single place. Our authors examine the ways in which politics have approached these challenges in the recent past. They also warn against protectionist regulation and rushed decisions – not only in the digital sphere.

Artificial intelligence is gaining in importance and advancing rapidly – literally as well as figuratively: robotic nurses could soon be moving into our homes. However, their behavior is still open to negotiation. At the Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition in Munich, Axel Walz is investigating how legal means can be employed to help ensure that artificial intelligence adheres to human values.

The project addresses the nexus between data and the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). With partners from Senegal, India and Brazil, we highlight sector-specific strategies for implementing effective data governance systems in emerging economies. The aim is to forge data governance strategies that are tailored to the needs of each economy and facilitate both better decision-making and resource allocation, thereby increasing transparency and empowering citizens.

Rapid advancements in technology and automation call for a deep understanding of how human behaviour changes when humans interact with technology-powered agents in place of human-to-human exchanges. It is important to take such changes in human behaviour into account when creating a legal and policy framework to regulate automation. To this end, we have prepared a review of interdisciplinary findings in this field.

One of the biggest challenges of the Covid-19 pandemic has been the provision of sufficient quantities of vaccine over months. While rich industrialised countries ordered huge quantities early on, poorer states suffered from a glaring shortage. Against this background, several of them have requested among other things the temporary suspension of patent rights at the World Trade Organization (WTO). Our team has analysed the legal situation.

Data access appears as a key condition for innovation and public welfare in the digital economy. Designing an adequate regulatory framework is at the centre of the current research of the Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition, which analyses the respective issues from an interdisciplinary perspective of law and economics. Against this backdrop, the Institute developed the scientific concept of the conference "Consumer Law Days 2019" held by the German Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection.

How copyright-protected content is used on the Internet and, particularly, which conclusions should be drawn from users’ behavior has been the subject of intense debate for years. To what extent do Internet users download, stream or share content? What is the share of paid compared to free use? Do users consider their own conduct to be legal, and what are their motives for choosing potentially illegal forms of use? The Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition examines these issues gathering data with a large-scale, representative quantitative survey of German consumers.